Mythological History:

Ujjain is a major city in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, situated on the banks of the Kshipra River or Shipra River. This is a very ancient city. It was the capital of the kingdom of the great emperor Vikramaditya. Ujjain is also known as the city of Kalidas. Simhastha Mahakumbh Mela is held here every 12 years. Mahakaal, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva, is located in this city. Ujjain is 45 km from Indore, the largest city of Madhya Pradesh.

Emperor Vikramaditya was the ruler of Ujjain, his father was King Gandharvasena, the credit for inviting the Shakas to India goes to Kalkacharya, the Shakas defeated the ruler of Ujjain, Gandharvasena, and took control over Ujjain, then King Gandharvasena's son Vikramaditya fought against the Shakas. Fought a war, Vikramaditya defeated the Shakas and re-established the empire of his ancestors in Ujjain and he was called the great emperor of this country.

The present Ujjain city is situated near the Vindhya mountain range and on the banks of the sacred and historical Kshipra river at an altitude of 1678 feet above sea level, at 23°°50' north longitude and 75°°50' east latitude. The temperature and climate of the city is temperate. The land here is fertile. The classical poet Kalidas and the great writer Banabhatta have magically depicted the beauty of the city. Kalidas has written that all the gems of the world are in Ujjain and only their water is left near the oceans.

The city which is known as Ujjain today was known by many names in the past like Avantika, Ujjayini, Vishala, Pratikalpa, Kumudvati, Swarnashringa, Amravati, etc. Since the beginning of human civilization, it developed as a great pilgrimage site in India. Situated on the right bank of the sacred river Kshipra, this city is considered one of the seven salvation-giving Saptapuris of India.

Places to Visit in Ujjain Tirth Kshetra:

Mahakaleshwar Temple: Mahakaleshwar Mahadev of Ujjain is recognized among the twelve major Jyotirlingas of India. The tradition of Mahakaal is eternal in the public mind. Ujjain was the center point of India's chronology and Mahakal is considered the presiding deity of Ujjain.In every era of history - Shunga, Kushan, Seven Vahanas, Gupta, Parihar, and relatively modern Maratha period, this temple has been continuously renovated. The present temple was rebuilt by Ramchandra Baba Shenvi, the Subedar of Malwa during the reign of Ranoji Scindia. Even at present, renovation and facility expansion work is going on. The statue of Mahakaleshwar faces south. In the Tantric tradition, only Mahakaleshwar has the importance of south-facing worship among the twelve Jyotirlingas.

Shri Bade Ganesh Temple: A grand and artistic idol of Bada Ganesha is established on Harisiddhi Marg near Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple. This statue was built by the renowned scholar Late Padmavibhushan Pandit Suryanarayan Vyas's father. Pandit Narayanji Vyas did it. Along with the Panchmukhi Hanuman statue of Saptadhatu, statues of Navagraha temple and Krishna Yashoda, etc. are also present in the temple premises. Due to the huge size of the idol of Ganapati here, it is known as Bada Ganesh.

Mangalnath Temple: According to the Puranas, Ujjain city is called the mother of Mars. People who have the heavy influence of Mars in their horoscope come here to get worship done for the peace of their negative planets. Although there are many temples of Lord Mars in the country, Ujjain being his birthplace, special importance is given to the worship here. It is said that this temple is centuries old. It was rebuilt during the Scindia dynasty.

Harsiddhi Mata: The temple of Harsiddhi Devi is prominent among the ancient and important religious places of Ujjain city. Harisiddhi Devi was worshiped by Emperor Vikramaditya in this temple located a short distance away from Chintaman Ganesh Temple and on the banks of Rudrasagar Pond. Harsiddhi Devi was worshiped by the Vaishnav sect. According to Shivpuran, Sati's elbow fell here after Daksh Yagya.

Kshipra Ghat: The ghats of river Kshipra have a prominent place in the religious structure of Ujjain city. These ghats built on the right bank of the river, where the city is situated, have stairs for the migrants. There are new and old temples of various gods and goddesses on the ghats. The glory of these ghats of Kshipra can be seen during Simhastha when millions of devotees take baths here.

Garhkalika Devi: This temple of Gadhkalika Devi is in the ancient Avantika city area of ??today's Ujjain city. Kalayji poet Kalidas was a worshiper of Gadkalika Devi. There is mention of this ancient temple being renovated by the Gurjar emperor Nagabhatta. Every day a crowd of thousands of devotees gather in the temple of Garh Kalika for the darshan of Maa Kalika. No one knows about the antiquity of this miraculous temple of Kalika, the goddess of Tantrikas, yet it is believed that it was established during the Mahabharata period, but the idol is from the Satyayuga period.

Kaal Bhairav:  Kaal Bhairav Temple is situated in the area of ancient Avantika city situated in today's Ujjain city. This place belongs to the Kapalik sect of worshipers of Shiva. There is a huge statue of Kaal Bhairav inside the temple. It is said that this temple was built by King Bhadrasen in ancient times. Kaal Bhairav is the place among the Ashta Bhairav mentioned in the Puranas.

Simhastha Aquarius: Simhastha is the great bathing festival of Ujjain. This festival is celebrated every twelve years when Jupiter is situated in Leo. The ritual of taking a virtuous bath in the holy Kshipra river starts from the full moon day of Chaitra month and is completed on different dates throughout the month till the last bath of Vaishakh full moon day. Ten yogas are traditionally considered important for the great festival of Ujjain.

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